El objetivo de este tip, es conseguir (con Photoshop) un Wee Planet, curiosa panorámica 360ºx180º, cuyo resultado final, tiene la apariencia de un planeta en miniatura.
El creador de semejantes obras, es Alexandre Duret-Lutz, y se pueden admirar todos sus "Wee Plantets", en su espacio flickr
Fundamento teórico:
Lo primero, es entender el fundamento teórico de lo que vamos a hacer.
Lo que haremos, es tomar una foto panorámica, y "doblarla", mediante una función matemática llamada "transformar en coordenadas polares".
El resultado, convenientemente tratado, dará el aspecto de un "mini-planeta" como el de El Principito.
Es decir, que partiendo de esta imagen:
La función "transformar en coordenadas polares", lo que hace, es tomar una imagen inicial, y doblarla algo así:
Requisitos:
Para nuestro trabajo, lo primero, es conseguir una imágen panorámica adecuada para este efecto.
(hay muchos programas (y tutoriales) con los que puedes construir una panorámica desde una serie de fotos)
Los requisitos básicos que ha de cumplir son:
- Que el horizonte esté perfectamente horizontal.
- Que ambos lados (derecho e izquierdo) tengan formas coincidentes.
- Que tenga una proporción ancho/alto adecuada (suele estar bien con un 3:1)
- Que tengan buena proporción cielo/tierra (suelen salir bien con 3:1)
- Opcionales:
- Que el cielo sea aceptablemente uniforme.
- Que el suelo, no cuente con demasiado detalle.
Arreglar la imagen de partida:
Comencemos con esta imagen:
He marcado los problemas que tendremos que arreglar antes de nada.
- Eliminamos (herramienta clonar) lo que nos moleste en los bordes, para que coincidan en uno y otro punto. O bien la cortamos para que en ambos extremos la foto tenga los mismos motivos.
(recordemos, que la función "transformar en coordenadas polares", lo que hará será juntar los extremos "verde y azul", con lo que debemos asegurar que ambos, previamente, sean congruentes) - Para rotar la imagen, y que el horizonte sea perfectamente horizontal, podéis usar los consejos de este (genial) tip de Mariux
Mucho mejor. Pero tenemos que recortarla (herramienta "crop") para que tenga el formato y proporciones deseadas.
Este paso, es crítico para la forma final.
Hay que decir, que tomemos la decisión que tomemos en el recorte, nos va a quedar un "mini-planeta", pero en este punto, es en el que definiremos cuánto de grande será; si tendrá mucha tierra y poco cielo; si estará muy estirado, o muy comprimido, etcétera.
Interviene:
- La proporción cielo/tierra -> define el tamaño del planeta.
- La proporción ancho/alto -> define cuánto de comprimidas están las cosas en nuestro planeta.
- ancho/alto -> 3.9:1 -> Le doy anchura, porque voy a meter dos edificios grandes.
- cielo/tierra 1:0.9 -> Le pongo más suelo del habitual, para que aguante los edificios grandes.
quedando:
Cada uno, fijará estos puntos en función de su gusto artístico, y de los motivos fotografiados.
Transformación mediante coordenadas polares:
Este es el punto clave del proceso.
- Primero, se ha de transformar en "cuadrada" la imagen (la función "polar", sólo funciona en imágenes cuadradas).
Para ello, le damos a la altura de la imagen, lo que esta tiene de ancha.
(quedándonos algo así de asqueroso)
(Click para ver cómo se hace esto en photoshop)
(Es muy importante, advertir que ampliamos el alto; no reducimos el ancho, pues de otra manera, estaríamos "perdiendo información", aunque en el ejemplo, para no poner una imagen demasiado grande, lo haya hecho al revés.)
Y acto seguido, la giramos 180º, quedando así:
(Click para ver cómo se hace esto en photoshop)
Por último, se aplica el filtro "Cordenadas polares", que en Photoshop, se encuentra aquí:
"Menú 'Filtro' > 'Distorsionar' > 'Coordenadas polares' ", con parámetro: "rectangular a polar"
Quedando así:
(Click para ver cómo se hace esto en photoshop)
Et voilà!!
Ya tenemos nuestro "mini planeta".
MEJORANDO EL ACABADO:
Sólo nos quedaría, retocarlo (herramienta "clonar"):- Limpiar el borde vertical donde se produjo la "unión" de los dos bordes extremos.
- Limpiar las imperfecciones del suelo (cuanto más irregular fuera el de la imagen partida, más tendremos que retocar; como véis, en el ejemplo, nos queda aún mucho trabajo en este punto)
- Limpiar o cambiar el fondo (cielo) por uno más "interesante"
- Arreglar cualquier otra imperfección.
- Quizá recortar la imagen con forma de "círculo"
- Quizá rotar el planeta, para que quede mirando a donde interese.
En mi ejemplo, tras unos cuantos retoques, la cosa quedó así:
(Hice dos ejemplos, para que veáis la diferencia entre "mucho cielo o poco cielo")
(click en las imagenes, para ver en alta definición)
VARIACIONES:
Jugando con los giros, se pueden conseguir curiosos efectos:Vista "ojo de pez"
Si no se gira 180º la imagen antes de aplicar el filtro de "coordenadas polares", se obtiene esta panorámica:
(click para ver en alta definición)
Vista "Salvador Dalí"
Si una vez obtenida la panorámica, se vuelve a girar 180º, y se vuelve a aplicar el filtro de "coordenadas polares", se obtienen curiosos efectos como este:
(by Dirk Paessler)
Vista "Estereográfica"
Existen otros tipos de transformaciones matemáticas, que no son la "transformación polar", que dan resultados impresionantes, aunque la manera de obtenerlas, es algo más complicada.
Por ejemplo, Seb Przd, juega con transformaciones estereográficas, para conseguir nuevos efectos.
Para ello, se puede usar el plugin "MathMap", para GIMP (ambos gratuitos)
(by Seb Przd)
Más:
(ver fuente, en inglés: [dirkpaessler.com])
(más y más Wee Planets, en Flickr: [by Dirk Paessler])
¿Sabes SQL? ¿No-SQL? Aprende MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis y más con el Curso Profesional de Bases de Datos que empieza el martes, en vivo.
Por El Oso Amoroso el 03 de Junio de 2008
Gracias.
Espero que les sea interesante.
Por CarlosRuminott el 05 de Junio de 2008
Por bydaface el 05 de Junio de 2008
Por Master Of Madness el 09 de Junio de 2008
[1] http://www.letrasenlibertad.com.ar/2008/01/15/mundos-desde-panoramas/
[2] http://www.flickr.com/photos/22834915@N04/sets/72157603717965406/
Por Siomi el 10 de Junio de 2008
wooooooo
esta super fantastico
Por jose_122088 el 11 de Junio de 2008
Se ve genial... esto me ha dado unas ideitas para algunos diseños...
Por Eliazar el 13 de Junio de 2008
Por elvis el 26 de Junio de 2008
Por elvis el 26 de Junio de 2008
felicitaciones de nuevo muy bueno todo de verdad que buenos trucasos maestro!!!!
Por El Oso Amoroso el 27 de Junio de 2008
Por EVA el 30 de Julio de 2008
Por Freddie el 31 de Julio de 2008
EVA-blog :
Por bydaface el 31 de Julio de 2008
Por Sisco el 31 de Julio de 2008
yo creo que dios creó el cannabis, y fue el primero en probarlo...
Por david el 01 de Agosto de 2008
xq io no ce ndita.
porfa envia los datos a [email protected]
este es mi msn
Por El Oso Amoroso el 01 de Agosto de 2008
PD:
Por ambitus el 30 de Septiembre de 2008
Por joaquin ferro el 30 de Marzo de 2009
Por hernan cortes el 25 de Junio de 2009
Por LeoFagiano el 12 de Noviembre de 2012
http://gallery.photo.net/photo/16295572-md.jpg
Por franc el 22 de Mayo de 2013
Por el 31 de Enero de 2018
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