En estos días he estado trabajando con la API de Vimeo para un par de proyectos, pero me encontré en la necesidad de tener que hacer el llamado directamente a un archivo JSON y entonces me puse a investigar qué es eso de JSON.
Anexo ejemplos directos del parseo de JSON con el ejemplo de la API de Vimeo, sin embargo, este tutorial no está enfocado a revisar el uso de la API.
¿Qué es JSON?
Es el acrónimo de JavaScript Object Notation. Si conoces XML, se podría decir que es una alternativa a un sistema de envío y recepción de datos.
El "parseo" o "parsear" es leer o administrar una base de datos o conjunto de texto.
La estructura o sintaxis es de la siguiente manera:
Código :
{ "objeto" : valor }
El siguiente ejemplo de estructura está tomado de la API de Vimeo algo recortada:
Código :
[{ "title":"titulo", "description":"Lorem Ipsum Dolor sit Amet", }]
Parseo con Javascript
La manera más fácil de pasear un JSON con javascript es a través de jQuery + Ajax con la función $.getJSON que es equivalente a:
Código :
$.ajax({ url: url, dataType: 'json', data: data, success: callback });
El cual se utiliza de la siguiente manera:
Código :
$.getJSON( url [, data] [, success(data, textStatus, jqXHR)] )
El siguiente código lo apliqué para extraer título y descripción de una petición a la API de Vimeo
Código :
$.getJSON('http://www.vimeo.com/api/v2/video/31894179.json?callback=?', {format: "json"}, function(data) { $("h1").html(data[0].title); $("p").html(data[0].description); });
Básicamente estoy accediendo con la función $.getJSON a la url que me proporciona la documentación de la API de Vimeo para obtener un JSON (aquí), defino qué formato estoy usando, y ejecuto una función a partir del mismo.
Dentro de ésta, con la función .html, "extraigo" el campo del título y descripción y se los "pongo" a la etiqueta <h1></h1> y <p></p>. Existe el selector data[0] porque solamente estoy obteniendo la primera parte del JSON, si tuviera por ejemplo varios videos, le agregaría 0, 1, 2 respectivamente para seleccionar las otras partes.
Parseo con PHP
Para realizar el parseo antes que nada necesitamos saber si la estructura JSON está dentro del archivo a ejecutar o afuera. Si está afuera puedes utilizar cURL para leer el archivo.
Necesitamos también de una función llamada json_decode, esta sirve para convertir un string JSON a una variable que funciona en PHP.
El siguiente ejemplo sirvió para llamar título y descripción de un video utilizando la API de Vimeo.
Código :
//Url donde esta nuestro JSON $req = 'http://vimeo.com/api/oembed.json?url=http://vimeo.com/31894179'; //Iniciamos cURL junto con la URL $cVimeo = curl_init($req); //Agregamos opciones necesarias para leer curl_setopt($cVimeo,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE); // Capturamos la URL $gVimeo = curl_exec($cVimeo); //Descodificamos para leer $getVimeo = json_decode($gVimeo,true); //Asociamos los campos del JSON a variables $titulo = $getVimeo['title']; $descripcion = $getVimeo['description']; $thumbnail = $getVimeo['thumbnail_url'];
Cada vez que llamamos a la variable $getVimeo estamos leyendo el archivo JSON, como ya está descodificado gracias a la función json_decode es posible buscar los campos "title" y "description". Ya después es cuestión de llamarlas o agregarlas a nuestro HTML con un echo o lo que quieras.
Ya sabes la base y con un ejemplo bastante simple. El parseo es igual en cualquier otro JSON, quizás solo varíe en el número de secciones que tenga el JSON. Google es tu mejor amigo.
Cualquier duda quedo a sus órdenes, puedes dejarme un comentario o preguntarme vía twitter @kinduff
¿Sabes SQL? ¿No-SQL? Aprende MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis y más con el Curso Profesional de Bases de Datos que empieza el martes, en vivo.
Por marcioangel.com el 08 de Marzo de 2012
$gvimeo=json_decode(file_get_contents('URL HERE'),true);
Saludos!
Por renevillegasr el 08 de Marzo de 2012
Un ejemplo seria algo así:
Archivo .js
function traerdatos(){
var opciones = {clave: $("#clave").val()};
//despues mando llamar a la función .get enviando a PHP mi objeto opciones.
$.get(
"archivo.php",
opciones,
function(inyeccion){
$("#nombre").val()=inyeccion.nombre;
$("#apellido").val()=inyeccion.apa;
},
"json"
);
}
Ahora la parte de PHP.
$clave = $_GET["clave"]; //estoy obteniendo el valor que nos llego a través de la funcion $.get()
//aqui me conecto a la base.. busco el registo a través de la clave, etc, etc.
//ya que tengo los datos ahora los mando de regreso.
$json = json_encode(
array(
"nombre"=>$rs[Nombre], //$rs es la variable con el registro que buscamos en la base de datos
"apa" => $rs[apa]
)
);
echo $json; //con esto le mandamos el objeto JSON a la función $.get() de nuestro archivo .js
Bueno así es como a mi me ha funcionado muy bien.
PHP, guarda en el objeto $_GET todas las variables que hallas enviado en un objeto JSON a traves de la funcion $.get() de jQuery, no he tenido que usar la función json_decode().
Bueno espero que sirva de algo mi comentario.
Saludos y muy buen artículo.
Por teskostudio el 08 de Marzo de 2012
Genial el tuto, se agradece.
Por Kinduff el 08 de Marzo de 2012
teskostudio :
Todo está en la documentación.
Suerte
Por el 08 de Marzo de 2012
Saludos
mx
Por Kinduff el 12 de Marzo de 2012
marcioangel.com-blog :
Igual sea muy simple, pero hay que pensar en grande, dependiendo de la cantidad de request que vas a tener y la carga que le quieras dar al servidor al utilizar alguna API (que te las ahorras haciendo caché, pero bueno).
Según tengo entendido cURL es más rápido que file_get_contents. Desmienteme por favor.
Por asaf el 04 de Octubre de 2012
Por Kinduff el 05 de Octubre de 2012
asaf-blog :
¿Y cómo lo vas a obtener entonces?
Por asaf el 06 de Octubre de 2012
function prueba(data) {
for (var atributo in data) {
valorAtributo = data[atributo];
if (typeof valorAtributo == "object")
prueba(valorAtributo);
else {
alert(atributo + ': ' +valorAtributo);
}
}
}
Por asaf el 06 de Octubre de 2012
http://bajoeltejadodezic.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/toJSONParte1/serializar3.html
Por lecahipe el 17 de Noviembre de 2012
http://itunes.apple.com/lookup?id=370809705&entity=software
he probado con varias formas pero ninguna funciona, este json retorna 9 objetos pero incluso con este ejemplo solo me retorna uno objeto, es como si me ignorara los parámetros... alguien ha tenido alguna vez este problema??
Gracias!
Por Jasmin el 13 de Mayo de 2013
Estoy teniendo problemas con la organizacion de los datos de un archivo JSON. Lo que sucede es que estoy haciendo una tabla periodica y los elementos de esta debo llamarlo desde un JSON. Ya tengo todos los datos a manos pues use lo que explicaste y lo recorri con un for each ..Pero mi duda y problema es como puedo poner cada elemento en la celda que corresponde, pues saben que en una tabla periodica los elementos tienen un orden especifico
Por gajosu el 09 de Diciembre de 2013
quiziera saber como puedo estraer cadenas completas
x ejemplo si quiero estraer un grupo de comentarios desde json
como lo podria hacer para interpretarlo en html?¿?
Por Eco el 13 de Octubre de 2014
Estuve investigando, pero no se como llamar todos los elementos de Json.
Talvez puedas orientarme un poco.
Por Eco el 13 de Octubre de 2014
Estuve investigando, pero no se como llamar todos los elementos de Json.
Talvez puedas orientarme un poco. Mi correo es [email protected]
Por Eco el 13 de Octubre de 2014
Por Alex el 21 de Julio de 2015
Por Darik el 28 de Enero de 2016
file_get_contents(http://svrdspmbd/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=GESSP2/pConsultaBrigada.r): failed to open stream: Intento de acceso a un socket no permitido por sus permisos de acceso.
in C:\xampp\htdocs\prueba\php\index.php on line 43
espero que puedan ayudarme.... por cierto en la linea 43 esta el $gvimeo=json_decode(file_get_contents('URL HERE'),true);
tambien lo intente con el :
//Url donde esta nuestro JSON
$req = 'http://vimeo.com/api/oembed.json?url=http://vimeo.com/31894179';
//Iniciamos cURL junto con la URL
$cVimeo = curl_init($req);
//Agregamos opciones necesarias para leer
curl_setopt($cVimeo,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);
// Capturamos la URL
$gVimeo = curl_exec($cVimeo);
//Descodificamos para leer
$getVimeo = json_decode($gVimeo,true);
//Asociamos los campos del JSON a variables
$titulo = $getVimeo['title'];
$descripcion = $getVimeo['description'];
$thumbnail = $getVimeo['thumbnail_url']; pero deplano no me arroja nada, ni error ni nada...
espero puedan ayudarme
Por el 01 de Agosto de 2016
Por José el 31 de Enero de 2018
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