Este tutorial no se centra en las herramientas para vectorizar, sino en una serie de consejos para ayudarnos en esta labor. El ejemplo ha sido realizado con un lápiz, una servilleta, un escáner, Adobe Illustrator CS3, dos manos, un par de ojos y un ordenador con sus periféricos.
Nivel: Básico
Ventajas de las imágenes vectoriales
Las imágenes vectoriales poseen al menos dos grandes ventajas sobre los mapa de bits (jpg, png, gif...):
- Menor peso.
- Posibilidad de ser reescalado sin pérdida de calidad.
Nota: Ahora que HTML5 da soporte a las imágenes vectoriales con sus etiquetas <svg> y <canvas> es el momento de plantearse el formato de salida de nuestras imágenes para web.
Vectorizando una ilustración
Aunque algunos diseñadores sean capaces de crear gráficos vectoriales directamente en la aplicación, en la mayoría de los casos es más fácil realizar el dibujo a mano y después escanearlo. Para este tutorial yo he hecho un dibujo bastante simple en una servilleta (adoro dibujar en servilletas ) y lo he escaneado. No es necesario escanear la imagen en alta calidad, ya que sólo la usaremos para verla en pantalla.
En primer lugar importamos la imagen a nuestra mesa de trabajo. Si queremos hacer más cómoda la visualización del dibujo le bajamos la opacidad a un 30%-70% según lo clara u oscura que sea. Para asegurarnos de que no movemos la imagen mientras la "calcamos" es aconsejable bloquear la capa.
Ahora empezamos a dibujar encima con la herramienta pluma. Es muy importante trabajar cada elemento (cara, ojos, manos...) en una capa diferente, e ir bloqueando las capas que finalicemos. Podemos crear capas nuevas pulsando Cmd+L. Si en algún momento te equivocas y dibujas en la capa errónea, recorta el objeto con Cmd+X y pega en la capa correspondiente con Cmd+F. A diferencia de Cmd+V, pegará en el mismo lugar. Además hay que procurar cerrar los trazados que van a llevar relleno. Illustrator permite rellenar trazados abiertos, pero "une" el punto inicial y el final del trazado para ello, y tal vez no sea lo que queramos.
Las guías inteligentes en algunas ocasiones nos ayudarán y en otras nos entorpecerán. Es interesante ir activándolas y desactivándolas pulsando Cmd+U.
Aprovecha para realizar cambios en el dibujo, mejorándolo, añadiendo detalles, simplificándolo, etc. Como podéis ver en la imagen anterior, he "depurado" las manos, el teléfono y los zapatos.
En el caso de usar filetes (las líneas del dibujo) deberemos tener en cuenta su grosor a la hora de realizar el trazado.
En la fase de coloreado es difícil hacerse a la idea de cuáles son colores que vamos seleccionando. Para ayudarnos podemos crear una serie de recuadros con un buen tamaño donde aplicar los colores que vamos a usar (como si fuese la paleta de un pintor) y así poder verlos en un tamaño mayor que en la biblioteca de muestras y de paso ver como combinan.
Es interesante aplicar motivos personalizados a los rellenos para lograr estilos tipo cómic.
Si queremos podemos aplicarle un pincel a los trazados abiertos. Así podremos crear imperfecciones que simulen el dibujo hecho a mano.
Por último, os dejo una composición hecha con nuestro personaje.
¿Sabes SQL? ¿No-SQL? Aprende MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis y más con el Curso Profesional de Bases de Datos que empieza el martes, en vivo.
Por Acreonte el 31 de Marzo de 2011
Por cualquier cosa, me gustaria agregar un punto.
Es importante saber que uso tendra el producto final, por ejemplo si tus graficos son para ser utilizados en flash, dependiendo de lo complejo de la grafica, es posible que sea mejor crearla como bitmap.
Para que vean a que me refiero vean el ejemplo creado por Aral Balkan vector vs bitmap.
Flash tambien te permite que tus bitmaps no pierdan tanta calidad, en la biblioteca puedes seleccionar tu bitmap y en sus propiedades, si cambias 'allow smoothing', eso hara el truco.
Sobre el peso, si haces tus bitmaps justo del tamaño a utilizar (si es una imagen de 100x100 pixeles, porque importarla a 1024x1024?) y si lo guardas como .png, Flash utiliza un algoritmo de compresion optimo que hara que el peso de tu pelicula final no sea tan grande (y ahora con la velocidad de internet, el peso no es un gran problema ).
En fin, mi punto es, tienes que saber las ventajas y desventajas de ambos y utilizar ya sea vectores o bitmaps dependiendo de tus necesidades.
Por antonionavajas el 31 de Marzo de 2011
Por Freddie el 05 de Abril de 2011
Por el 29 de Mayo de 2012
Por el 31 de Enero de 2018
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