Con pasos muy sencillos y una decisión a conciencia del efecto que queremos aplicar en nuestras fotografías, podemos generar un look muy sutil a nuestras manipulaciones digitales. En este tip veremos cómo ecualizar una imagen mediante capas de ajuste.
Analizando nuestra imagen
Trabajaremos sobre imágenes de paisajes. En este tipo de imágenes cuidaremos especialmente de no excedernos en el retoque que le daremos, porque al ser un paisaje tenemos colores ....principales: por ejemplo, siempre habrá un cielo (trabajo sobre los azules), si hay praderas tenemos verde, si hay lago o río, o mar, habrá un celeste, o un celeste verdoso, etc... por lo que siempre estamos trabajando sobre una misma gama por así decirlo. ¿Porque?? bueno, porque el azul y el amarillo son colores primarios y si los mezclamos forman el verde.
- Resumamos
azul: cielo - agua
amarillo: cielo soleado, pasto iluminado, agua con reflejos.
verde: pasto, arboles, etc...
Entonces cualquier cambio que haga en el valor del amarillo por ejemplo, influirá en los otros dos valores principales. Entonces tendremos que tener cuidado a qué niveles de la imagen le daremos el cambio de valor.
Veámoslo en la práctica:
1: demasiado verde
2: demasiado azul
3: demasiado amarillo
4: original sin editar
Ecualizando una imagen
Cuando trabajamos con color siempre trabajamos sobre 3 niveles que componen nuestra imagen: los que corresponden a los tonos oscuros de la imagen, los intermedios y los claros. Hay fotografías que tendrán un nivel con más jerarquía que otros, por ejemplo si mi imagen es un campo nevado en pleno día, priman más los niveles claros que los oscuros, al contrario, en una imagen nocturna y con poca luz primarán los oscuros a los otros dos. Esto que parece tan lógico es de suma importancia a la hora de trabajar con color y sobre todo en Photoshop ya que todos o casi todos los ajustes de luz y color se basa en esta premisa de niveles.
Una vez aclarado esto pasaremos solamente a ecualizar una imagen.
Paso 1
Lo primero que debemos hacer es evaluar qué problema tiene la imagen. En este caso está como gris, tiene poca definición de colores. Las casas del fondo deben ser mas coloridas seguramente si uno las mira en vivo. Por lo que hay que trabajar sobre la recuperación de luz a los colores sin quemar la imagen ni que estos se vean muy artificiales.
Yo suelo comenzar modificando un poco los niveles (Levels) de la imagen. Estos pasos son muy relativos ya que uno puede lograr el mismo efectos desde diferentes ajustes en Photoshop.
Creo una capa de ajuste o adjustment layer (ver referencia en la imagen) y elijo la opción de levels y desde el panel que se despliega cambio los valores pertinentes. Nota que los cambios que le hice a la imagen son muy pequeños. Sólo modifique un poco cada nivel.
Ya vamos viendo mas definición en la imagen.
Ahora haremos algunos cambios de color, creando otra capa de ajuste elegimos la opción de Color balance. Nótese que aquí también operamos sobre los tres niveles de sombra, intermedios y luz.
Comenzaré con los intermedios. Trataré de ir hacia los amarillos y rojos para recuperar luz a la imagen, porque básicamente esos son los colores de las casitas de detrás, cuidando de que no quede muy rojizo el cielo.
Ahora modificamos los niveles oscuros de la imagen. Es decir que se cambiarán en la imagen aquellas partes oscuras, como las sombras, el agua y los tejados. Seleccionamos la opción de shadows y vemos cómo seguimos buscando los rojos, así se definen mas esos tejados y ventanas, y los azules para reforzar el mar y cielo.
Y por último modificamos los niveles claros de la imagen. Seleccionamos la opción de luz o highlights, y lo que mas reforzamos aquí es la luz, por ende agregaremos mas amarillo al asunto, y vemos ahora como se resuelve bastante bien la imagen, ya que en el paso anterior el cielo había quedado bastante saturado, consiguiendo recuperar el color, y ya en este paso al agregar amarillo al celeste lo vuelve apenas un poco mas verdoso y queda mas real. También el amarillo hace que las casas adquieran iluminación en general.
y finalizando creo una última capa de ajuste, la de vibrance, para avivar un poco esos colores.
Y listo, hemos logrado una retoque sutil a nuestra imagen y sencillo de conseguir. Recuerda que lo importante de todo retoque de color es entender cómo funcionan los colores entre sí, ya que no requiere que seas experto en manejo de Photoshop, pero sí que entiendas lo que necesita o carece una imagen para así en pocos pasos poder solucionarlo. Como dije antes, con pequeños cambios sutiles se logran bonitas cosas.
Veamos el antes y el después:
Hemos logrado una mejora en el color de la imagen, a partir de aquí ya podríamos operar con por ejemplo cuestiones de luz, tonalidad y demás que después iremos viendo en algún que otro tip.
saludos
créditos imagen
¿Sabes SQL? ¿No-SQL? Aprende MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis y más con el Curso Profesional de Bases de Datos que empieza el martes, en vivo.
Por M@U el 04 de Junio de 2009
Por menudolio el 04 de Junio de 2009
El tip esta muy bien para saber como utilizar esa herramienta, pero personalmente creo que en este ejemplo para salvar las casas te has cargado el mar y el cielo.
No se, ¿que opinan el resto de clabers?
Por GersonM_17 el 04 de Junio de 2009
Tambien depende de que es lo quieras resaltar en tu foto, en este caso el cielo no tenia nada de especial y el mar puer no perdio mucho tampoco.
Por Zguillez el 04 de Junio de 2009
Por Mariux el 04 de Junio de 2009
menudolio-blog :
El tip esta muy bien para saber como utilizar esa herramienta, pero personalmente creo que en este ejemplo para salvar las casas te has cargado el mar y el cielo.
No se, ¿que opinan el resto de clabers?
se ven mal el mar y el cielo???
la idea es que se vea como trabajar de acuerdo al contenido de color de la imagen, fuera de que yo prefiera un cielo menos saturado que mas celeste. y algunos retoques ya dependen del gusto personal y el ojo de caa uno, sin hablar de la diferencia de luz y calidad de cada monitor.
Por fredybg el 04 de Junio de 2009
Por Sisco el 04 de Junio de 2009
Gracias.
Por arcangel198 el 04 de Junio de 2009
Por eldervaz el 05 de Junio de 2009
Genial tip
Por daz_angie el 05 de Junio de 2009
Creo que me servirá para un par de cosas.
Por [Ray] el 05 de Junio de 2009
Es algo indispensable y que le da más vida a las fotografías
Por Dano el 05 de Junio de 2009
Por Jinik el 05 de Junio de 2009
Una sola cosa para decirte, en el paso 1 en la segunda imagen donde señalas el botón de "crear nueva mascara de ajuste" no es el que esta marcado, sino el que esta a la derecha de ese que es un circulo mitad blanco y mitad negro, el que esta marcado es el de nueva mascara de capa. Fijate de cambiar la imagen o aclararlo en el texto =)
saludos
Por Mariux el 05 de Junio de 2009
Jinik-blog :
Una sola cosa para decirte, en el paso 1 en la segunda imagen donde señalas el botón de "crear nueva mascara de ajuste" no es el que esta marcado, sino el que esta a la derecha de ese que es un circulo mitad blanco y mitad negro, el que esta marcado es el de nueva mascara de capa. Fijate de cambiar la imagen o aclararlo en el texto =)
saludos
corregido, muchas gracias por el aviso! saludos!
Por XKlibur el 07 de Junio de 2009
Por torrealbaruben el 07 de Junio de 2009
Por Tir el 11 de Junio de 2009
Por Francisca el 21 de Julio de 2009
Por DURON el 06 de Enero de 2010
Por renato el 30 de Marzo de 2010
este es mi correo [email protected] gracias
Por Kiara el 25 de Julio de 2010
mi correo es [email protected]
me gustaria mucho que me agregaras para poder conversar.
Por visitante el 17 de Marzo de 2012
Por Vanessa el 24 de Mayo de 2013
Por roberto santana v el 05 de Septiembre de 2013
Por Poto el 25 de Julio de 2016
Por el 31 de Enero de 2018
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