Las redes neuronales son algoritmos que implementan un proceso cognitivo natural, no un humano, sino un animal. No es demasiado complejo, a menos seas una ameba, te debería parecer bastante lógico.
Existen múltiples modelos de Redes Neuronales, que luego explicaré. Ahora nos concentraremos en el funcionamiento básico. Las redes neuronales están inspiradas en el sistema nervioso animal.
Composición de una red neuronal
En las redes tendremos dos componentes base:
- Neuronas
- Interconexiones
Y las definiremos en 3 aspectos básicos:
- Entrada
- Capa Oculta (Yo le digo de procesamiento)
- Salida
El primer aspecto, la entrada, es nuestro punto de partida inicial. La información que debemos analizar para luego procesar. Ejemplo: Este tip, ¿Que otros tips tendrán info similar para recomendar?. Ergo, tenemos la diferente info de entrada que podemos generar a raíz de este tip.
Las capas ocultas son los cálculos que usaremos para la estimación de la valoración de una entrada(s). Se les dice ocultas porque no las ve el usuario o persona que opera.
La salida es el procesamiento final, la respuesta a nuestra pregunta. En estos modelos, SIEMPRE es una.
Cómo usar una red neuronal
Se debe definir que factores serán los intervinientes en el "aprendizaje" del sistema y como queremos que sean procesados. Un ejemplo claro puede ser el uso de índices. Si este tip está tagueado como Inteligencia Artificial (lo está), entonces intervendrá como parte del proceso de análisis en las capas ocultas. Pero también el título es importante, por lo cual la segunda entrada participará en el mismo nivel de procesamiento.
Podríamos armar cuantas lógicas queramos, lo importante es entender si necesitamos "ir para adelante" o "para atrás" en algún punto del aprendizaje. Esto es dado que existen redes que van hacia atrás en algunas ocasiones llamadas "retropropagación".
Aprendizaje y entrenamiento de una red neuronal
El sistema de una red neuronal tiene un criterio de aprendizaje un tanto acotado ya que solo puede determinar valores objetivos y directos a nuestros valores de entrada.
Por ello podemos emplear los siguientes criterios para su aprendizaje:
- Supervisado: Un humano le indica si el aprendizaje es correcto (Usarlo) o incorrecto (No volver a usarlo).
- No Supervisado: El sistema es capaz de auditar sus propias conclusiones (Esquema de comprobación).
- Híbridas: Una mezcla entre supervisados y no supervisados.
El criterio que usaremos para el aprendizaje es ligado directamente a la salida. Mejor hemos determinado el aprendizaje, mejor será el resultado resuelto. Más complejo sea el esquema de aprendizaje, mejor será auto-sustentado en el futuro.
Donde y cuando usar una red neuronal
Estos sistemas son adecuados para la implementación de esquemas de aprendizaje simples empleando criterios objetivos.
Una aplicación muy usual es un sistema de búsqueda, dónde podemos no solo asumir que información quiere a una búsqueda, sino que medir el interés para ajustar los criterios de selección (Aprendizaje No Supervisado).
Otro criterio son patrones de "Gusta/No", dónde los usuarios van calificando el contenido el cual da un valor dentro de la red, y luego aplicando el criterio de búsqueda ajustamos (Aprendizaje Híbrido).
El criterio final es un criterio supervisado, en un esquema de recomendación simple, como el que tienen los tips de Cristalab. Ante un patrón de búsqueda dado (Tags, Títulos), encontramos elementos relacionados según un algoritmo definido y lo evaluamos manualmente (Aprendizaje Supervisado).
Abajo de estas palabras verás el subtitulo "También te interesa". Los 3 enlaces que Cristalab te recomienda los elige el propio sistema, de toda la base de datos de Clab, usando una red neuronal.
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Por eveevans el 13 de Octubre de 2010
Por vonGoethe el 13 de Octubre de 2010
Por XKlibur el 13 de Octubre de 2010
Por daz_angie el 13 de Octubre de 2010
Pero tienes un error.
Con las redes neuronales sí se busca realizar los procesos cognitivos del ser humano, de hecho en ellos se basan, más que en los animales. Se hacen estudios en animales por tener cerebros más simples.
La capa oculta no necesariamente tiene que ser una, pueden ser muchisimas, diferentes procesos los que se realizan ahí. Si hablamos de una sola neurona entonces sí, sólo tiene una, un solo proceso una sola operación matemática.
Puede haber más de 2 entradas en una neurona, lo que sí, sólo una salida. Igual que en la red neuronal.
Mmmm... creo que mejor hago un artículo al respecto en la diferencia de una red neuronal y una neurona y explico cómo funcionan.
Por daz_angie el 13 de Octubre de 2010
Es un sistema experto. Aparentemente es un sistema inteligente, pero no aprende, simplemente te da la sensación de que sí lo hace.
Confundir una red neuronal y un sistema experto es muy común. Tienes que entender ambos para lograrlo.
Por Hernán el 13 de Octubre de 2010
Por johnymepeino el 13 de Octubre de 2010
Por SLVDR el 13 de Octubre de 2010
Por eldervaz el 13 de Octubre de 2010
SLVDR-blog :
Por Maikel el 14 de Octubre de 2010
Hernan :
Por ello podemos emplear los siguientes criterios para su aprendizaje:
* Supervisado: Un humano le indica si el aprendizaje es correcto (Usarlo) o incorrecto (No volver a usarlo).
* No Supervisado: El sistema es capaz de auditar sus propias conclusiones (Esquema de comprobación).
* Híbridas: Una mezcla entre supervisados y no supervisados.
Mmm, no estoy del todo de acuerdo con esto. No es que se aplica un criterio arbitrariamente, sino los tres.
Pensemos en una red neuronal como un niño:
Tampoco diga que es fácil, la teoría es fácil e incluso el algoritmo y la función que se usan.
Pues eso lleva MUCHOS ajustes, mientras más entradas más consideraciones tenemos que tener en el procesamiento y más salidas(respuestas) esperadas podemos tener.
saludos
Por Dano el 14 de Octubre de 2010
SLVDR-blog :
No se vale criticar, menos sin explicar nada.
Si consideras que algo no es correcto, mas allá de solo decirlo, hay que exponer con argumentos porque creemos que algo puede ser mejor.
De redes neuronales, la verdad que solo he visto la teoría que me dieron en la uni, pero no me he metido a fondo, por el momento me considero ignorante de ese tema, pero se ve buena la explicación Hernán.
Por AXM el 14 de Octubre de 2010
Por daz_angie el 14 de Octubre de 2010
Maikel :
Hernan :
Por ello podemos emplear los siguientes criterios para su aprendizaje:
* Supervisado: Un humano le indica si el aprendizaje es correcto (Usarlo) o incorrecto (No volver a usarlo).
* No Supervisado: El sistema es capaz de auditar sus propias conclusiones (Esquema de comprobación).
* Híbridas: Una mezcla entre supervisados y no supervisados.
Mmm, no estoy del todo de acuerdo con esto. No es que se aplica un criterio arbitrariamente, sino los tres.
Pensemos en una red neuronal como un niño:
Tampoco diga que es fácil, la teoría es fácil e incluso el algoritmo y la función que se usan.
Pues eso lleva MUCHOS ajustes, mientras más entradas más consideraciones tenemos que tener en el procesamiento y más salidas(respuestas) esperadas podemos tener.
saludos
Esto es justo lo que intentaba explicarle en la tarde a Hernán por Talk. Fue cuando le dije que mejor escribiré un post sobre una Red Neuronal, explicando la teoría de cómo se entrenan, como aprenden y la diferencia con un Sistema Experto.
Y como dice Mikel, una cosa es entender cómo funciona y otra muy diferente ponerlo en práctica.
Por Dan el 15 de Octubre de 2010
Por daz_angie el 16 de Octubre de 2010
Primero te recomiendo que te leas cualquier libro de fundamentos de Inteligencia Artificial, el lenguaje de programación es lo de menos, creeme. Me estoy especializando en el tema...
Por HernanDroid el 16 de Octubre de 2010
Por avali2 el 03 de Febrero de 2011
Por yasmani el 06 de Febrero de 2011
CASI NUNCA ME CONECTO ASI K SI TIENEN UN TIME ESCRIBANME AL CORREO CON ALGUNA SUGERENCIA..,.,CHAOP
Por Hernán el 06 de Febrero de 2011
yasmani-blog :
CASI NUNCA ME CONECTO ASI K SI TIENEN UN TIME ESCRIBANME AL CORREO CON ALGUNA SUGERENCIA..,.,CHAOP
Para eso está el foro, no el e-mail. Pregunta en PHP-MySQL o jodete
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http://www.phpcentral.com/pregunta/80/ia-inteligencia-artificial-en-php
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