Continuemos mejorando nuestra clase. En el último tip, creamos una clase nueva para leer un fichero de configuración. Este fichero contenía los valores que nos interesase para realizar la conexión a la base de datos. Luego estuvimos adaptando el fichero de conexión a la base de datos para que fuera capaz de instanciar el objeto Conf y pudiera tener acceso a los datos necesarios para realizar la conexión.
En esta siguiente parte del tutorial vamos a realizar una sencilla mejora para hacer que nuestra clase sea capaz de conectarse a diferentes tipos de base de datos. En concreto vamos a ver cómo adaptarla para que se conecte a PostgreSQL.
Lo primero que debemos realizar es agregar una nueva variable a nuestro fichero de configuración:
config.php
Código :
//Datos de configuración de la conexión a la base de datos //Servidor $host='localhost'; //Usuario $user='user'; //Password $password='test'; //Base de datos a utilizar $db='testDB'; //Qué sistema gestor de base de datos utilizamos, mysql, oracle, ... $dbType='mysql'
Podemos observar una nueva última variable llamada dbType la cual utilizaremos para saber que tipo de base de datos vamos a utilizar.
Ahora vamos a adaptar nuestra clase Conf para que lea dicho valor y lo guarde ($_dbType). Además agregaremos una función getDBType() para poder obtener dicho valor.
Conf.class.php
Código :
Class Conf{ private $_domain; private $_userdb; private $_passdb; private $_hostdb; private $_db; private $_dbType; private static $_instance; private function __construct(){ require 'config.php'; $this->_domain=$domain; $this->_userdb=$user; $this->_passdb=$password; $this->_hostdb=$host; $this->_db=$db; $this->_dbType=$dbType; } private function __clone(){ } private function __wakeup(){ } public static function getInstance(){ if (!(self::$_instance instanceof self)){ self::$_instance=new self(); } return self::$_instance; } public function getUserDB(){ $var=$this->_userdb; return $var; } public function getHostDB(){ $var=$this->_hostdb; return $var; } public function getPassDB(){ $var=$this->_passdb; return $var; } public function getDB(){ $var=$this->_db; return $var; } public function getDBType(){ $var=$this->_dbType; return $var; } }
Por último los cambios más significativos vienen dentro de nuestra clase Db. Dentro de las funciones de conectar, ejecutar una query y obtener una fila de resultados es dónde podemos ver cómo en función del valor tipo de base de datos, la clase utiliza unas funciones u otras.
Db.class.php
Código :
/* Clase encargada de gestionar las conexiones a la base de datos */ Class Db{ private $servidor; private $usuario; private $password; private $base_datos; private $tipo; private $link; private $stmt; private $array; private static $_instance; /*La función construct es privada para evitar que el objeto pueda ser creado mediante new*/ private function __construct(){ $this->setConexion(); $this->conectar(); } /*Método para establecer los parámetros de la conexión*/ private function setConexion(){ $conf = Conf::getInstance(); $this->servidor=$conf->getHostDB(); $this->base_datos=$conf->getDB(); $this->usuario=$conf->getUserDB(); $this->password=$conf->getPassDB(); $this->tipo=$conf->getDBType(); } /*Evitamos el clonaje del objeto. Patrón Singleton*/ private function __clone(){ } private function __wakeup(){ } /*Función encargada de crear, si es necesario, el objeto. Esta es la función que debemos llamar desde fuera de la clase para instanciar el objeto, y así, poder utilizar sus métodos*/ public static function getInstance(){ if (!(self::$_instance instanceof self)){ self::$_instance=new self(); } return self::$_instance; } /*Realiza la conexión a la base de datos.*/ private function conectar(){ switch ($this->tipo){ case 'mysql': $this->link=mysql_connect($this->servidor, $this->usuario, $this->password); mysql_select_db($this->base_datos,$this->link); @mysql_query("SET NAMES 'utf8'"); break; case 'postgress': $this->link=pg_connect("host=".$this->servidor." dbname=".$this->base_datos." user=".$this->usuario." password=".$this->password) break; break; } } /*Método para ejecutar una sentencia sql*/ public function ejecutar($sql){ switch ($this->tipo){ case 'mysql': $this->stmt=mysql_query($sql,$this->link); break; case 'postgress': $this->stmt=pg_Euery($this->link,$sql); break; break; } return $this->stmt; } /*Método para obtener una fila de resultados de la sentencia sql*/ public function obtener_fila($stmt,$fila){ switch ($this->tipo){ case 'mysql': if ($fila==0){ $this->array=mysql_fetch_array($stmt); }else{ mysql_data_seek($stmt,$fila); $this->array=mysql_fetch_array($stmt); } break; case 'postgress': if ($fila==0){ $this->array=pg_fetch_row($stmt); }else{ $this->array=pg_fetch_row($stmt,$fila); } break; break; } return $this->array; } }
En el siguiente y última parte, veremos cómo controlar los errores.
Un saludo
Ficheros del ejemplo (en formato UTF-8 )
Temas relacionados:
Crear una clase para conectar a la base de datos
Crear una clase para conectar a la base de datos (II)
¿Sabes SQL? ¿No-SQL? Aprende MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis y más con el Curso Profesional de Bases de Datos que empieza el martes, en vivo.
Por Quique el 12 de Noviembre de 2008
Saludos!
Por marcosdev el 12 de Noviembre de 2008
Anonymous :
Saludos!
Creo que estos tips que estoy haciendo ayudaran a mucha gente a ir utlizando y entendiendo las clases, a entender lo que son los patrones de diseño, diferencias entre crear e instanciar objetos,visibilidad y tipos de variables,...
Quiero recordar que la gran mayoría de la gente que programa en PHP todavía lo hace de una manera muy mala, muy desorganizada, desestructurada, con poco código reutilizable,.. Esto es sólo un pequeño aporte para conseguir una web mejor.
Un saludo
Por deivieb el 13 de Noviembre de 2008
Como bien dices, aún los hay que empiezan y que buscan donde pueden aprender a modular la programación.
A los que aportan indicaciones que se puede mejorar o hacer diferente, veo una solución bien sencilla, crear un nuevo tip con su "segunda" solución, posiblemente orientada también a otro "target" de publico.
Saludos a todos,
Por alfathenus el 25 de Noviembre de 2008
Si tu idea es enseñar a usar objetos, tenes que enseñar como se usan de manera correcta, no como lo haces en un tu ejemplo poniendo un case tan "harcodeado"... por otro lado como van a aprender sobre patrones si no saben q es un objeto... creo que debes replantear tu forma de querer enseñar a usar objetos (q en cuando a actitudo en querer hacerlo te felicito).
Saludos!
Por duque el 26 de Noviembre de 2008
Por jamc el 23 de Agosto de 2009
Por dhamaso el 05 de Octubre de 2010
private function __wakeup(){ }
me podrias poner un ejemplo de su utilizacion o en que casos se debe de utilizar?
de antemano gracias y un saludo.
Por lopezalvarado el 11 de Febrero de 2011
Por Ismael el 30 de Julio de 2013
Por Manuel Garcia el 29 de Agosto de 2013
Notice: Undefined variable: domain in C:\xampp\htdocs\LaPrueba\conexion\Conf.class.php on line 14
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Por el 03 de Febrero de 2018