Esta es la tercer y última parte del tutorial de Introducción a Symfony2, donde terminaremos de crear la aplicación de gestión de alimentos.
Si no viste las otras partes del tutorial, aquí te dejo los enlaces:
Introducción a Symfony2
Introducción a Symfony2 (II)
Continuemos entonces con esta última parte del tutorial. Siguiendo estos tres pasos: enrutar, crear código de la acción (controlador) y crear la plantilla, podemos completar lo que nos falta de la aplicación. No obstante, en las acciones que faltan, se necesita acceder a la base de datos para recuperar, modificar y crear alimentos.
La distribución standard de Symfony2 proporciona un potente servicio para el acceso a los datos persistentes, es decir, los que se almacenan en algún tipo de base de datos. Pero no obliga a utilizarlo. No sólo eso, tampoco forma parte del núcleo de Symfony2, es decir, no es un componente. Por ello es una decisión del desarrollador utilizarlo o no. Es en ese sentido que Fabien Potencier, líder del proyecto Symfony2, proclama que este último no es un framework MVC, ya que no dice nada sobre cómo debes construir tu modelo.
Aunque lo recomendable es utilizar Doctrine2 (que es el servicio de persistencia que viene incorporado en la distribución standard), o Propel, en este tutorial no los vamos a utilizar por que ya llevamos muchos conceptos introducidos y no queremos sobrecargarlo. Además queremos ilustrar cómo podemos construir el modelo a nuestro antojo.
Así pues, antes de implentar el resto de las acciones que componen la aplicación, vamos a elaborar el modelo.
Crea un directorio denominado Model (el nombre puede ser cualquiera), y crea ahí un fichero Model.php con el siguiente código:
src/Jazzyweb/AulasMentor/AlimentosBundle/Model/Model.php
Código :
<?php namespace Jazzyweb\AulasMentor\AlimentosBundle\Model; class Model { protected $conexion; public function __construct($dbname,$dbuser,$dbpass,$dbhost) { $mvc_bd_conexion = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass); if (!$mvc_bd_conexion) { die('No ha sido posible realizar la conexión con la base de datos: ' . mysql_error()); } mysql_select_db($dbname, $mvc_bd_conexion); mysql_set_charset('utf8'); $this->conexion = $mvc_bd_conexion; } public function bd_conexion() { } public function dameAlimentos() { $sql = "select * from alimentos order by energia desc"; $result = mysql_query($sql, $this->conexion); $alimentos = array(); while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) { $alimentos[] = $row; } return $alimentos; } public function buscarAlimentosPorNombre($nombre) { $nombre = htmlspecialchars($nombre); $sql = "select * from alimentos where nombre like '" . $nombre . "' order by energia desc"; $result = mysql_query($sql, $this->conexion); $alimentos = array(); while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) { $alimentos[] = $row; } return $alimentos; } public function dameAlimento($id) { $id = htmlspecialchars($id); $sql = "select * from alimentos where id=".$id; $result = mysql_query($sql, $this->conexion); $alimentos = array(); $row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result); return $row; } public function insertarAlimento($n, $e, $p, $hc, $f, $g) { $n = htmlspecialchars($n); $e = htmlspecialchars($e); $p = htmlspecialchars($p); $hc = htmlspecialchars($hc); $f = htmlspecialchars($f); $g = htmlspecialchars($g); $sql = "insert into alimentos (nombre, energia, proteina, hidratocarbono, fibra, grasatotal) values ('" . $n . "'," . $e . "," . $p . "," . $hc . "," . $f . "," . $g . ")"; $result = mysql_query($sql, $this->conexion); return $result; } }
El próximo paso es completar el código del controlador con el resto de las acciones que se han mapeado en las rutas definidas anteriormente. El código del controlador DefaultController quedaría así:
src/Jazzyweb/AulasMentor/AlimentosBundle/Controller/DefaultController.php
Código :
<?php namespace Jazzyweb\AulasMentor\AlimentosBundle\Controller; use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller; use Jazzyweb\AulasMentor\AlimentosBundle\Model\Model; use Jazzyweb\AulasMentor\AlimentosBundle\Config\Config; class DefaultController extends Controller { public function indexAction() { $params = array( 'mensaje' => 'Bienvenido al curso de Symfony2', 'fecha' => date('d-m-yyy'), ); return $this->render('JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:index.html.twig', $params); } public function listarAction() { $m = new Model(Config::$mvc_bd_nombre, Config::$mvc_bd_usuario, Config::$mvc_bd_clave, Config::$mvc_bd_hostname); $params = array( 'alimentos' => $m->dameAlimentos(), ); return $this->render('JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:mostrarAlimentos.html.twig', $params); } public function insertarAction() { $params = array( 'nombre' => '', 'energia' => '', 'proteina' => '', 'hc' => '', 'fibra' => '', 'grasa' => '', ); $m = new Model(Config::$mvc_bd_nombre, Config::$mvc_bd_usuario, Config::$mvc_bd_clave, Config::$mvc_bd_hostname); if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') { // comprobar campos formulario if ($m->insertarAlimento($_POST['nombre'], $_POST['energia'], $_POST['proteina'], $_POST['hc'], $_POST['fibra'], $_POST['grasa'])) { $params['mensaje'] = 'Alimento insertado correctamente'; } else { $params = array( 'nombre' => $_POST['nombre'], 'energia' => $_POST['energia'], 'proteina' => $_POST['proteina'], 'hc' => $_POST['hc'], 'fibra' => $_POST['fibra'], 'grasa' => $_POST['grasa'], ); $params['mensaje'] = 'No se ha podido insertar el alimento. Revisa el formulario'; } } return $this->render('JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:formInsertar.html.twig', $params); } public function buscarPorNombreAction() { $params = array( 'nombre' => '', 'resultado' => array(), ); $m = new Model(Config::$mvc_bd_nombre, Config::$mvc_bd_usuario, Config::$mvc_bd_clave, Config::$mvc_bd_hostname); if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') { $params['nombre'] = $_POST['nombre']; $params['resultado'] = $m->buscarAlimentosPorNombre($_POST['nombre']); } return $this->render('JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:buscarPorNombre.html.twig', $params); } public function verAction() { if (!isset($_GET['id'])) { throw new Exception('Página no encontrada'); } $id = $_GET['id']; $m = new Model(Config::$mvc_bd_nombre, Config::$mvc_bd_usuario, Config::$mvc_bd_clave, Config::$mvc_bd_hostname); $alimento = $m->dameAlimento($id); $params = $alimento; return $this->render('JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:verAlimento.html.twig', $params); } }
Para que podamos utilizar la clase Model en el controlador sin necesidad de referirnos a ella por su nombre completo, Jazzyweb\AulasMentor\AlimentosBundle\Model\Model, hemos utilizado (línea 6) la directiva use de PHP 5.3 en dicho fichero. Así podemos utilizar la clase Model directamente en el controlador.
En la clase Model puedes observar que, para el acceso a la base de datos, se hace referencia a unos parámetros de configuración a través de la clase estática Config. Crea dicha clase en el fichero src/Jazzyweb/AulasMentor/AlimentosBundle/Config/Config.php, con el siguiente código:
src/Jazzyweb/AulasMentor/AlimentosBundle/Config/Config.php
Código :
<?php namespace Jazzyweb\AulasMentor\AlimentosBundle\Config; class Config { static public $mvc_bd_hostname = "localhost"; static public $mvc_bd_nombre = "alimentos"; static public $mvc_bd_usuario = "root"; static public $mvc_bd_clave = "root"; static public $mvc_vis_css = "estilo.css"; }
Esta forma de especificar los parámetros de configuración no es la más symfónica, pero es suficiente para los propósitos de este tutorial. En otro tutorial explicaremos cómo usar la inyección de dependencias para declarar los parámetros en el Symfony2 way.
Como puedes ver hemos comenzado por el segundo paso del flujo básico de desarrollo de páginas con Symfony2, es decir, escribir el controlador. En realidad el orden no importa mucho; al final hay que tener los tres pasos resueltos antes de que funcione. Así que vamos por el primer paso: definir las rutas. Esto lo hacemos editando el fichero src/Jazzyweb/AulasMentor/AlimentosBundle/Resources/config/routing.yml y plasmando ahí la tabla de rutas. Recuerda:
Código :
/ (mostrar pantalla inicio) /listar (listar alimentos) /insertar (insertar un alimento) /buscar (buscar alimentos) /ver/x (ver el alimento x)
El archivo src/Jazzyweb/AulasMentor/AlimentosBundle/Resources/config/routing.yml queda así:
Código :
JAMAB_homepage: pattern: / defaults: { _controller: JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:index } JAMAB_listar: pattern: /listar defaults: { _controller: JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:listar } JAMAB_insertar: pattern: /insertar defaults: { _controller: JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:insertar } JAMAB_buscar: pattern: /buscar defaults: { _controller: JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:buscarPorNombre } JAMAB_ver: pattern: /ver/{id} defaults: { _controller: JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:ver }
La última ruta (JAMAB_ver) utiliza una funcionalidad muy interesante del sistema de Routing de Symfony2 que se utiliza continuamente. Se trata de introducir en la propia ruta los parámetros que se pasarán por GET al servidor web. Los valores encerrados entre llaves, en nuestro caso {id}, se denominan placeholders. El sistema de Routing parsea las URL's que coincidan con la ruta y asigna el valor que venga en la posición de cada placeholder a una variable denominada con el nombre especificado entre las llaves. Veámoslo con un ejemplo. La siguiente ruta:
Código :
http://localhost/Symfony/web/app_dev.php/alimentos/ver/5
Coincide con la ruta JAMAB_ver (recuerda que a todas las rutas del bundle les hemos colocado el prefijo alimentos). El sistema de Routing, al parsearla, asignará al objeto Request de Symfony2 una variable denominada id, con un valor 5. Además, esta variable se pasará como argumento al controlador especificado en la ruta, en nuestro caso a JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:ver. Se consigue, además de usar URL's elegantes en las que sólo se utiliza el caracter "/", eliminar el nombre de las variables de la query string, ocultando información que no es necesaria para el cliente.
Symfony2 mapea esta ruta en una acción llamada verAction($id) a la que se le pasa el argumento id. Vamos a cambiar la acción verAction() para que su código sea más correcto y symfónico:
src/Jazzyweb/AulasMentor/AlimentosBundle/Controller/DefaultController.php
Código :
<?php ... public function verAction($id) { $m = new Model(Config::$mvc_bd_nombre, Config::$mvc_bd_usuario, Config::$mvc_bd_clave, Config::$mvc_bd_hostname); $alimento = $m->dameAlimento($id); if(!$alimento) { throw new \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\AccessDeniedHttpException(); } $params = $alimento; return $this->render('JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:verAlimento.html.twig', $params); } ...
En la línea 3 hemos introducido un argumento para recoger la variable creada por el sistema de Routing, y en las líneas 9-12 hemos utilizado las excepciones de Symfony2 para tratar el caso de que el registro no exista. Fíjate que de esta manera no necesitamos utilizar la variable superglobal $_GET de PHP.
En lugar del nombre completo \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\AccessDeniedHttpException(), puedes utilizar AccessDeniedHttpException(), si referencias el espacio de nombre al principio del fichero mediante la directiva use.
Las acciones buscarPorNombreAction y insertarAction, hacen uso de la variable global de PHP $_POST. Esto es una mala práctica en Symfony2, ya que en su lugar se debe utilizar el objeto Request del framework, que es una abstracción de la petición (request) HTTP en la que se han "limpiado" los valores de sus atributos de posibles cadenas potencialmente peligrosas (código malicioso). Será la primera y ultima vez que haremos esto. Sirva como ejemplo de que el hecho de utilizar un framework ayuda pero no es suficiente para generar un código de calidad. Es el programador quien, conociendo y aplicando las buenas prácticas de programación, produce un buen código.
Y ahora a por las plantillas.
src/Jazzyweb/AulasMentor/AlimentosBundle/Resources/view/Default/verAlimento.html.twig
Código :
{% extends 'JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle::layout.html.twig' %} {% block contenido %} <h1>{{ nombre }}</h1> <table border="1"> <tr> <td>Energía</td> <td>{{ energia }} </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Proteina</td> <td>{{ proteina }}</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Hidratos de Carbono</td> <td>{{ hidratocarbono }}</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fibra</td> <td>{{ fibra }}</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Grasa total</td> <td> {{grasatotal}} </td> </tr> </table> {% endblock %}
src/Jazzyweb/AulasMentor/AlimentosBundle/Resources/view/Default/mostrarAlimentos.html.twig
Código :
{% extends 'JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle::layout.html.twig' %} {% block contenido %} <table> <tr> <th>alimento (por 100g)</th> <th>energía (Kcal)</th> <th>grasa (g)</th> </tr> {% for alimento in alimentos %} <tr> <td><a href="{{ path('JAMAB_ver', {'id': alimento.id}) }}">{{alimento.nombre}}</a></td> <td>{{ alimento.energia }}</td> <td>{{ alimento.grasatotal }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </table> {% endblock %}
En esta última plantilla hemos introducido tres elementos nuevos del sistema twig:
- La navegación por un array. Fíjate que la acción que utiliza esta plantilla, listarAction(), le pasa como parámetros una colección (array) de alimentos devueltos por el método dameAlimentos del modelo. Las colecciones, es decir los arrays indexados (no asociativos), pueden ser iterados en una plantilla twig mediante la construcción {% for dato in datos %} - {% endfor %}, donde datos es el array que llega a la plantilla.
- Por otro lado, cada elemento del array alimentos es un array asociativo. Sus elementos pueden ser accedido mediante la notación dato.propiedad. Una característica interesante de esta notación es que se puede utilizar no sólo con arrays asociativos, sino con objetos provistos de getters sobre sus propiedades. Este hecho se utiliza intensa y extensamente en Symfony2.
- Por último se utiliza la función path() de twig, que sirve para calcular la URL correcta a partir del nombre de la ruta. Así cuando cambiemos la aplicación de servidor o de ubicación, la ruta será calculada correctamente. Los argumentos de la ruta se pasan a la función path usando la sintaxis de un objeto JSON, es decir: { 'param1': val1, ..., `paramN': valN }.Esta función será otro de los elementos omnipresentes en cualquier aplicación web construida con Symfony2 y twig.
src/Jazzyweb/AulasMentor/AlimentosBundle/Resources/Default/formInsertar.html.twig
Código :
{% extends 'JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle::layout.html.twig' %} {% block contenido %} {% if mensaje is defined %} <b><span style="color: red;">{{ mensaje }}</span></b> {% endif %} <br/> <form name="formInsertar" action="{{ path('JAMAB_insertar') }}" method="POST"> <table> <tr> <th>Nombre</th> <th>Energía (Kcal)</th> <th>Proteina (g)</th> <th>H. de carbono (g)</th> <th>Fibra (g)</th> <th>Grasa total (g)</th> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="text" name="nombre" value="{{ nombre }}" /></td> <td><input type="text" name="energia" value="{{ energia }}" /></td> <td><input type="text" name="proteina" value="{{ proteina }}" /></td> <td><input type="text" name="hc" value="{{ hc }}" /></td> <td><input type="text" name="fibra" value="{{ fibra }}" /></td> <td><input type="text" name="grasa" value="{{ grasa }}" /></td> </tr> </table> <input type="submit" value="insertar" name="insertar" /> </form> * Los valores deben referirse a 100 g del alimento {% endblock %}
En esta plantilla hemos introducido otro elemento nuevo; la construcción {% if data is defined %} - {% endif %}, que como puedes deducir, comprueba si la variable data ha sido definida.
También hemos vuelto a utilizar la función path para escribir el parámetro action del formulario HTML.
Llegados a este punto hemos de aclarar que Symfony2 proporciona un potente servicio para la construcción de formularios que no estudiaremos en este tutorial. Por lo pronto nos quedamos con esta manera sencilla y directa de crear formularios.
Vamos a por la siguiente plantilla:
src/Jazzyweb/AulasMentor/AlimentosBundle/Resources/Default/buscarPorNombre.html.twig
Código :
{% extends 'JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle::layout.html.twig' %} {% block contenido %} <form name="formBusqueda" action="{{ path('JAMAB_buscar') }}" method="POST"> <table> <tr> <td>nombre alimento:</td> <td><input type="text" name="nombre" value="{{ nombre }}">(puedes utilizar '%' como comodín)</td> <td><input type="submit" value="buscar"></td> </tr> </table> </table> </form> {% if resultado %} {% include 'JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:_tablaAlimentos.html.twig' with {'alimentos': resultado} %} {% endif %} {% endblock %}
Otro elemento nuevo; la inclusión de plantillas en otras plantillas. Esto lo hacemos en la línea 21 mediante la función include de twig, la cual requiere como argumento el nombre lógico de la plantilla que se desea incluir. Los parámetros que necesita la plantilla incluida se pasan en un array con sintaxis JSON después del token with.
Este mecanismo de inclusión combinado con la herencia proporciona una gran flexibilidad al programador, otorgándole las herramientas necesarias para elaborar un código bien organizado y reusable.
La plantilla incluida es la siguiente:
src/Jazzyweb/AulasMentor/AlimentosBundle/Resources/Default/_tablaAlimentos.html.twig
Código :
<table> <tr> <th>alimento (por 100g)</th> <th>energía (Kcal)</th> <th>grasa (g)</th> </tr> {% for alimento in alimentos %} <tr> <td>{{ alimento.nombre }}</td> <td>{{ alimento.energia }}</td> <td>{{ alimento.grasatotal }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </table>
Y, por último, utilizando esta última plantilla que pinta un listado de alimentos, podemos simplificar la plantilla mostrarAlimentos.html.twig evitando la repetición de código innecesario.
src/Jazzyweb/AulasMentor/AlimentosBundle/Resources/view/Default/mostrarAlimentos.html.twig
Código :
{% extends 'JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle::layout.html.twig' %} {% block contenido %} {% include 'JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:_tablaAlimentos.html.twig' with {'alimentos': alimentos} %} {% endblock %}
Y con esto ya tenemos la aplicación de gestión de alimentos terminada y construida en Symfony2. Aún puede hacerse de un modo más symfónico, utilizando los servicios de persistencia de datos (Doctrine), de creación de formularios y de validación de datos. Pero la intención de este tutorial es mostrar los elementos básicos para la creación de páginas en Symfony2, y por tanto vamos a dar por buena la aplicación tal y como está.
Únicamente faltaría usar la función path() de twig para completar los enlaces de los menús. Pero eso vamos a dejar que lo hagas tú.
El tutorial en chuletas
Generar un bundle
Código :
php app/console generate:bundle
Registrar un bundle
Se hace en el archivo app/KernelApp.php, de la siguiente manera:Código :
... new Jazzyweb\AulasMentor\AlimentosBundle\JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle(), ...
Enlazar el routing de un bundle con el routing general de la aplicación
Se hace añadiendo al archivo app/config/routing.yml (o routing_{env}.yml):Código :
JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle: resource: "@JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle/Resources/config/routing.yml" prefix: /
Pasos para acoplar un bundle al framework
- Registrar el espacio de nombre en el sistema de autocarga. Este paso no es necesario si ubicamos al bundle en el directorio src.
- Registrar al bundle en el fichero app/AppKernel.php. Esta operación se puede hacer automáticamente a través del generador interactivo de bundles, pero si fallase por alguna razón (por ejemplo que los permisos de dicho archivo no estén bien definidos), habría que hacerlo a mano.
- Importar las tablas de enrutamiento del bundle en la tabla de enrutamiento de la aplicación.
Flujo para la creación de páginas en Symfony2
- Creación de la ruta en config/Resources/routing.yml del bundle, o directamente en app/config/routing.yml.
- Creación de la acción en el controlador correspondiente en una clase que debe ubicarse en un fichero del directorio Controllers del bundle.
- Creación de una plantilla en el directorio Resources/view.
Nombres lógicos de acciones
NombreBundle:NombreControlador:NombreAcción.Ejemplo:AcmeDemoBundle:Secured:login se mapea en la acción loginAction() de la clase Acme\DemoBundle\Controller\SecuredController definida (normalmente) en src/Acme/DemoBundle/Controller/SecuredController.php.
Sintaxis básica de twig
- {{ parametro }} -> pinta el valor de la variable parametro.
- {% comando %} ... {% endcomando %} -> ejecuta la acción expresada por
- comando en el bloque definido desde su declaración hasta {% endcomando%}.
Herencia en plantilla twig
Esta plantilla hereda de JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle::layout.html.twig, y modifica el bloque contenido que allí se declara.Código :
{% extends 'JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle::layout.html.twig' %} {% block contenido %} <h1>Inicio</h1> <h3> Fecha: {{fecha}} </h3> {{mensaje}} {% endblock %}
Función path de twig
Código :
{{ path('JAMAB_listar', {'id': alimento.id}) }}
Iterar una colección (array) de datos en twig
Código :
{% for alimento in alimentos %} <tr> <td><a href="{{ path('JAMAB_listar', {'id': alimento.id}) }}">{{alimento.nombre}}</a></td> <td>{{ alimento.energia }}</td> <td>{{ alimento.grasatotal }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} [h3]Código condicional en twig[/h3][code] {% if data is defined %} ... {% endif %}[/code]
Inclusión de plantillas en twig
Código :
{% include 'JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:_tablaAlimentos.html.twig' with {'resultado': resultado} %}
Estructura básica de una ruta
Código :
nombre_unico_de_la_ruta: pattern: /el/patron/de/la/ruta/{param1}/{param2}/.../{paramN} defaults: { _controller: NombreLogico:del:Controlador }
Ejemplo:
Código :
JAMAB_ver: pattern: /ver/{id} defaults: { _controller: JazzywebAulasMentorAlimentosBundle:Default:ver }
Este trabajo, por Juan David Rodríguez García<juanda at ite.educacion.es>, se encuentra bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Unported.
El original de este tutorial puedes encontrarlo en: http://juandarodriguez.es/tutoriales/tutorial-de-introduccion-a-symfony2/
¿Sabes SQL? ¿No-SQL? Aprende MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis y más con el Curso Profesional de Bases de Datos que empieza el martes, en vivo.
Por Potencier el 15 de Diciembre de 2012
Por juandalibaba el 01 de Enero de 2013
Por guitarleo el 21 de Febrero de 2013
Por guitarleo el 25 de Febrero de 2013
Por Yamir el 05 de Marzo de 2013
Por Wualdo el 26 de Abril de 2013
Whoops, looks like something went wrong.
1/1 FatalErrorException: Error: Class 'WMA\CI\RegistrodocumentosBundle\Model\Model' not found in /var/www/ejemplo01/src/WMA/CI/RegistrodocumentosBundle/Controller/DefaultController.php line 20
in /var/www/ejemplo01/src/WMA/CI/RegistrodocumentosBundle/Controller/DefaultController.php line 20
Whoops, looks like something went wrong.
1/1 FatalErrorException: Error: Class 'WMA\CI\RegistrodocumentosBundle\Model\Model' not found in /var/www/ejemplo01/src/WMA/CI/RegistrodocumentosBundle/Controller/DefaultController.php line 20
in /var/www/ejemplo01/src/WMA/CI/RegistrodocumentosBundle/Controller/DefaultController.php line 20
Por guitarleo el 02 de Mayo de 2013
Por wualdo el 02 de Mayo de 2013
Por guitarleo el 31 de Octubre de 2013
Por José el 31 de Enero de 2018
classroom rental space
training rrom rental in singapore
training rooms in singapore
seminar room rental in singapore
indoor team building activities
corporate team building games singapore
team bonding in singapore
team building activities singapore
team building games singapore
10 soft skills you need
administrative office procedures
administrative support courses
adult learning mental skills
adult learning physical skills
anger management courses in singapore
appreciative inquiry courses
archiving and records management
assertiveness and self confidence
attention management courses
basic bookkeeping courses
being a likeable boss
body language basics courses
budgets and financial reports
business acumen courses
business ethics courses
business etiquette courses in singapore
business succession planning courses
business writing courses in singapore
call center training courses
change management courses in singapore
coaching and mentoring courses
coaching sales people courses
collaborative business writing
communication strategies courses
conducting annual employee reviews
conflict resolution courses
contact center training courses
contract management courses in singapore
creating a great webinar
creative problem solving courses
crisis management courses
critical thinking courses in singapore
customer service courses in singapore
customer support courses
cyber security courses in singapore
delivering constructive criticism
developing a lunch and learn
developing corporate behavior
developing creativity courses
developing new managers
digital citizenship courses
emotional intelligence courses
employee motivation courses
employee on boarding courses
employee recognition courses
employee recruitment courses
employee termination processes
entrepreneurship courses in singapore
event planning courses in singapore
executive and personal assistants
facilitation skills courses
generation gaps courses
goal setting and getting things done
handling a difficult customer
health and wellness at work courses
high performance teams inside the company
high performance teams remote work force
hiring strategies courses
human resource management courses in singapore
improving mindfulness
improving self awareness
increasing your happiness
internet marketing fundamentals courses
interpersonal skills courses
job search skills courses
knowledge management courses in singapore
leadership and influence courses
lean process and six sigma
life coaching essentials courses
manager management courses
managing personal finances courses
managing work place anxiety
marketing basics courses
measuring results from training
media and public relations courses
meeting management courses
middle manager courses
millennial on boarding courses
m learning essentials
motivating your sales team
multi level marketing courses
negotiation skills courses
networking outside the company
networking within the company
office politics for managers
organizational skills courses
overcoming sales objections
performance management courses
personal branding courses in singapore
personal productivity courses
presentation skills courses in singapore
project management courses in singapore
proposal writing courses
prospecting and lead generation
public speaking courses in singapore
risk assessment and management courses
safety in the work place courses
sales fundamentals courses
sales training courses in singapore
servant leadership courses
it courses in singapore
microsoft training singapore
corporate training in singapore
corporate sgx
social intelligence courses
social learning courses
social media in the work place
social media marketing courses in singapore
soft skills courses in singapore
stress management courses in singapore
supervising others
supply chain management courses
taking initiative courses
talent management courses
team building for managers
team building through chemistry
teamwork and team building
telephone etiquette courses
telework and telecommuting
time management courses in singapore
trade show staff training
train the trainer courses
virtual team building and management
women in leadership courses
work life balance courses in singapore
work place diversity courses
work place harassment courses
work place violence courses
sancy suraj
sancy suraj
sancy suraj
sancy suraj
sancy suraj
sancy suraj
sancy suraj
sancy suraj
[url=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1QykBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT362&lpg=PT362&dq=%22sancy+suraj+singh%22&source=bl&ots=E86QDyrLG2&sig=H-6a_YH-kTWaZWTfPSr1xfm4BOs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3_56hhubVAhWJLo8KHcxTBxQ4ChDoAQgjMAA#v=onepage&q =% 22sancy% 20suraj% 20singh% 22 & f = false]sancy suraj[/url]
sancy suraj
longest colour sequence memorised
sancy suraj
longest colour sequence memorised
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
lunch talks
lunch talks
memory training course
memory training course
cabin crew
online memory course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
memory training course
speed reading
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
geography tuition for secondary school students in singapore
geography tuition for secondary school students singapore
geography tuition for secondary school students singapore
geography tuition for secondary school students singapore
geography tuition for secondary school students singapore
secondary geography tuition in singapore
history tuition for secondary school students in singapore
social studies tuition for secondary school students in singapore
psle english tuition in singapore
psle science tuition in singapore
secondary 1 chemistry tuition in singapore
secondary 1 physics tuition in singapore
school holiday workshops courses for students in singapore
school holidays activitie in singapore
school holidays activitie in singapore
[url=http://umonictuitionadvantage.com/2017-november-school-holidays-activities-programmes-workshop-courses-camps-for- students-kids-in-singapore/]school holidays activitie in singapore[/url]
school holidays activitie in singapore
study skills
study skills
study skills workshops course in singapore
study skills workshops course in singapore
speed reading
speed reading
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition
tuition[
tuition[
tuition[
tuition[
tuition[
tuition[
tuition[
tuition[
student courses
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
corporate training
lunch talk
lunch talk
lunch talk
lunch talk
lunch talk
lunch talk
lunch talk
lunch talk
lunch talk
lunch talk
lunch talk
lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
corporate lunch talk
team building
team building ideas
team building activities
unique team building
team building
corporate training in singapore
corporate training courses
corporate training courses
corporate training courses
corporate training courses
corporate health talk
corporate health talk
corporate health talk
lunch and learn talk
workplace lunch and learn
corporate training companies in singapore
training companies in singapore
emcee
emcee
health talks
soft skills training course
corporate training providers
professional development courses
training and development courses
short courses in singapore
corporate training courses in singapore
corporate training courses
corporate training in singapore
school holiday workshops courses for students in singapore
business students memory course in singapore
business students memory improvement workshop in singapore
memory improvement course for business students
memory improvement course for business students
business students memory improvement course
business students memory course in singapore
corporate health talks singapore
corporate health talks in singapore
corporate health talk singapore
corporate health talk in singapore
corporate health talks singapore
corporate health talks singapore
finance students memory training course in singapore
finance students memory training course in singapore
finance students memory training course in singapore
memory training courses for finance students in singapore
memory training courses for finance students in singapore
memory improvement courses for finance students in singapore
pinnacle minds
memory course
study skills
speed reading
memory training
school holiday
lunch and learn
march school holidays workshops
march school holidays workshops
march school holidays workshops
march school holidays workshops
march school holidays workshops
june school holidays workshops
june school holidays workshops
june school holidays workshops
june school holidays workshops
september 2018 school holidays workshops
september 2018 school holidays workshops
september 2018 school holidays workshops
september 2018 school holidays workshops
november 2018 school holidays workshops
november 2018 school holidays workshops
november 2018 school holidays workshops
november 2018 school holidays workshops
december 2018 school holidays workshops
december 2018 school holidays workshops
december 2018 school holidays workshops
december 2018 school holidays workshops
top 10 soft skills you need training course
administrative office procedures training course
administrative support training course
anger management training course
appreciative inquiry training course
archiving and records management training course
archiving and records management training course
self confidence and assertiveness training course
improving your attention management training course
bacis bookkeeping training course
being a likeable boss training course
body language training course
budgets and-financial reports training course
business acumen training course
business ethics training course
business etiquette training course
business succession planning training course
business writing training course
call centre training course
change management training course
civility in the workplace training course
coaching and mentoring training course
coaching salespeople training course
collaborative business writing training course
communication strategies training course
conducting annual employee reviews training course
conflict resolution training course
contact centre training course
contract management training course
creating a great webinar training course
creative problem solving training course
crisis management training course
critical thinking training course
customer service training course
customer support training course
cyber security training course
delivering constructive criticism training course
developing lunch and learn training course
developing corporate behavior training course
developing creativity training course
developing new managers training course
digital citizenship training course
emotional intelligence training course
employee motivation training course
employee onboarding training course
employee recognition training course
employee recruitment training course
employee termination processes training course
entrepreneurship training course
event planning training course
executive and personal assistants training course
facilitation skills training course
generation gaps training course
goal setting and getting things done training course
handling a difficult customer training course
health and wellness at work training course
high performance teams inside the company training course
high performance teams remote workforce training course
hiring strategies training course
human resource management training course
improving mindfulness training course
improving self awareness training course
internet marketing fundamentals training course
interpersonal skills training course
job search skills training course
knowledge management training course
leadership and influence training course
lean process and six sigma training course
life coaching essentials training course
manager management training course
managing personal finances training course
managing workplace anxiety training course
marketing basics training course
measuring results from training course
media and public relations training course
meeting management training course
middle manager training course
millennial onboarding training course
mlearning essentials training course
motivating your sales team training course
negotiation skills training course
networking outside the company training course
networking within the company training course
office politics for managers training course
organizational skills training course
overcoming sales objections training course
performance management training course
personal branding training course
personal productivity training course
presentation skills training course
project management training course
proposal writing training course
prospecting and lead generation training course
public speaking training course
risk assessment and management training course
safety in the workplace training course
sales fundamentals training course
servant leadership training course
social intelligence training course
social learning training course
social media in the workplace training course
social media marketing training course
stress management training course
supervising others training course
supply chain management training course
taking initiative training course
talent management training course
team building for managers training course
team building through chemistry training course
teamwork and team building training course
telephone etiquette training course
telework and telecommuting training course
time management training course
top 10 sales secrets training course
trade show staff training course
train the trainer training course
virtual team building and management training course
women in leadership training course
work life balance training course
workplace diversity training course
workplace harassment training course
workplace violence training course
half day memory improvement courses workshops
speed reading courses workshops in singapore
10 soft skills you need corporate training course in singapore
administrative office procedures corporate training course in singapore
administrative support corporate training course in singapore
anger management corporate training course in singapore
appreciative inquiry corporate training course in singapore
archiving and records management corporate training course in singapore
self confidence assertiveness corporate training course in singapore
improving your attention management corporate training course in singapore
basic bookkeeping corporate training course in singapore
being a likeable boss corporate training course in singapore
body language basics corporate training course in singapore
budgets and financial reports corporate training course in singapore
business acumen corporate training course in singapore
business ethics corporate training course in singapore
business etiquette corporate training course in singapore
business succession planning corporate training course in singapore
business writing corporate training course in singapore
call center corporate training course in singapore
change management corporate training course in singapore
civility in the workplace corporate training course in singapore
coaching and mentoring corporate training course in singapore
coaching salespeople corporate training course in singapore
collaborative business writing corporate training course in singapore
communication strategies corporate training course in singapore
conducting annual employee reviews corporate training course in singapore
conflict resolution corporate training course in singapore
contact center corporate training course in singapore
contract management corporate training course in singapore
creating a great webinar corporate training course in singapore
creative problem solving corporate training course in singapore
crisis-management corporate training course in singapore
critical thinking corporate training course in singapore
customer service corporate training course in singapore
customer support corporate training course in singapore
cyber security corporate training course in singapore
delivering constructive criticism corporate training course in singapore
developing a lunch and learn corporate training course in singapore
developing corporate behavior corporate training course in singapore
developing creativity corporate training course in singapore
developing new managers corporate training course in singapore
digital citizenship corporate training course in singapore
emotional intelligence corporate training course in singapore
employee motivation corporate training course in singapore
employee onboarding corporate training course in singapore
employee recognition corporate training course in singapore
employee recruitment corporate training course in singapore
employee termination processes corporate training course in singapore
entrepreneurship training course in singapore
event planning corporate training course in singapore
executive and personal assistants corporate training course in singapore
facilitation skills corporate training course in singapore
generation gaps corporate training course in singapore
goal setting and getting things done corporate training course in singapore
handling a difficult customer corporate training course in singapore
health and wellness at work corporate training course in singapore
high performance teams inside the company corporate training course in singapore
high performance teams remote workforce corporate training course in singapore
hiring strategies corporate training course in singapore
human resource management corporate training course in singapore
improving mindfulness corporate training course in singapore
improving self awareness corporate training course in singapore
increasing your happiness corporate training course in singapore
internet marketing fundamentals corporate training course in singapore
interpersonal skills corporate training course in singapore
job search skills corporate training course in singapore
knowledge management corporate training course in singapore
leadership and influence corporate training course in singapore
lean process and six sigma corporate training course in singapore
life coaching essentials corporate training course in singapore
manager management corporate training course in singapore
managing personal finances corporate training course in singapore
marketing basics corporate training course in singapore
measuring results from corporate training course in singapore
media and public relations corporate training course in singapore
meeting management corporate training course in singapore
middle manager corporate training course in singapore
millennial onboarding corporate training course in singapore
mlearning essentials corporate training course in singapore
motivating your sales team corporate training course in singapore
negotiation skills corporate training course in singapore
networking outside the company corporate training course in singapore
networking within the company corporate training course in singapore
office politics for managers corporate training course in singapore
organizational skills corporate training course in singapore
overcoming sales objections corporate training course in singapore
performance management corporate training course in singapore
personal branding corporate training course in singapore
personal productivity corporate training course in singapore
presentation skills corporate training course in singapore
project management corporate training course in singapore
proposal writing corporate training course in singapore
prospecting and lead generation corporate training course in singapore
public speaking corporate training course in singapore
[url