Bien, un problema muy común que se le puede presentar a todos en PHP es que al momento de llamar datos procesados algún tipo de limpiador de String (anti-injecciones de código), nos genera un cambio en la estructura del texto en un formato diferente al de UTF-8 que requerimos para que todos los símbolos de los lenguajes derivados del latín sean reconocidos.
El problema
Ayer (14/Octubre/11) en twitter un conocido que tiene un negocio de venta de hosting y dominios estaba codeando en PHP pero sus salidas al explorador no reconocían las ñ, ni los acentos.
Aún después de colocar un echo al inicio con " <meta chartset="utf-8" />" y verificar que su base de datos también tuviera la misma configuración, seguía tenido ese problema.
Entonces, el problema no era del tipo de lectura que hace nuestro documento, sino el tipo de output que tiene nuestro contenido. El contenido (si eres una persona sensata y sabes lo básico de seguridad) debe ser limpiado antes de ejecutar cualquier función que use datos obtenidos de algún formulario.
El procedimiento normal sería algo así:
Código :
function limpiarString($string) //función para limpiar strings { $string = strip_tags($string); $string = htmlentities($string); return stripslashes($string); // si llevaremos esto a mySQL deberímos agregar al final mysql_real_escape_string($string); }
La función que nos interesa dentro de esta misma función es htmlentitites(), que realiza un ajuste completo de la string y lo convierte en entidad independiente de HTML, entonces, al realizar este proceso lo convierte a un estilo default que no incluye ñ y acentos.
Por esa razón algunas veces vemos sitios que usan CMS con problemas con los acentos y las ñ sólo en algunas secciones del sitio que llaman datos procesados con esta función.
La solución
Si estas usando un CMS o algún ajeno que tenga origen no latino, es muy probable que tenga alguna función de limpieza, encuéntrala en entre las funciones.
Si eres un entusiasta y estas codeando tu mismo la aplicación no olvides agregar estos parámetros a la función htmlentities()
Código :
$string = htmlentities($string, ENT_QUOTES,'UTF-8'); // así de sencillo //también podrías usar $string = htmlentities($string, ENT_QUOTES | ENT_HTML401, 'UTF-8') // Pero eso es otra historia
Explicación
Bien, ENT_QUOTES es una propiedad que tiene la función que convierte las comillas( " ) y la comilla simple ( ' ), hay muchas otras, si te interesa puedes verificar las propiedades de la función en el Manual PHP.
Y el 'UTF-8' le especifica a la función que el tipo de set de caracteres(charset) que queremos usar es el UTF-8, que contiene los caracteres latinos como la ñ y las letras con acentos.
Y! eso es todo, espero les sirva, igual tienen ahí un tipo de seguridad anti inyecciones de código
¿Sabes SQL? ¿No-SQL? Aprende MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis y más con el Curso Profesional de Bases de Datos que empieza el martes, en vivo.
Por MmO el 15 de Octubre de 2011
1* Al final de la segunda línea es "nos" y no "no".
2* En el tercer párrafo, debería iniciar con "Entonces, el problema no era del tipo de lectura", y no con "Si todo falla, entonces no es el tipo..."
3* en el párrafo posterior al código, eliminen el "Pero" de "Pero la función que nos interesa", para que quede "La función que nos interesa"..
Y ya *le da chocolates a mx
Por Mariux el 17 de Octubre de 2011
MmO :
1* Al final de la segunda línea es "nos" y no "no".
2* En el tercer párrafo, debería iniciar con "Entonces, el problema no era del tipo de lectura", y no con "Si todo falla, entonces no es el tipo..."
3* en el párrafo posterior al código, eliminen el "Pero" de "Pero la función que nos interesa", para que quede "La función que nos interesa"..
Y ya *le da chocolates a mx
gracias!! igual siempre releo los tutos pero 4 ojos ven más que dos.
gracias por el aporte!!!
Por MmO el 17 de Octubre de 2011
Por DevCH el 17 de Octubre de 2011
Por Inyaka el 17 de Octubre de 2011
Por MmO el 17 de Octubre de 2011
Pero cuando limpias pasas el input por htmlentitites() antes de meterlo a la base, ya no son los caracteres directos son entidades como esta &sbnb; para los espacios, entonces ya no importa si está codificada la DB con UTF-8...
Por Inyaka el 17 de Octubre de 2011
Por Fede el 18 de Octubre de 2011
Si usas un ide como netbeans puedes especificar el encoding del documento, eso soluciona todos los problemas sin tener que usar htmlentities.
El tema seguridad y xss es cosa aparte.
Saludos.-
Por MmO el 18 de Octubre de 2011
Fede-blog :
Saludos.-
Sip, pero muchos usan Htmlentities como medida de seguridad extra, o si estas usando algún CMS es lo mismo, cuando procesan los input del formulario usan stripshlases, mysql_real_escape_string, strip_tags y/o Htmlentities. Cuando pasa esto, las ñ y los acentos dejan de serlo, se convierten en símbolos antes de entrar a la Base de datos, haciendo irrelevante el charset de la tabla.
Por Abrahan Nunez el 14 de Diciembre de 2012
Por alberto el 05 de Febrero de 2013
Por MmO el 06 de Febrero de 2013
alberto-blog :
Genial, sería bueno que las compartas.
Por krloz1003 el 21 de Febrero de 2013
Por Jose Luis Murgas el 03 de Abril de 2013
Por Diego el 13 de Junio de 2013
Saludos
Por noemi el 02 de Julio de 2013
Por Mario el 02 de Junio de 2014
Por roro_es el 25 de Julio de 2014
Por Alberto Hdz el 07 de Agosto de 2014
Por abi el 21 de Noviembre de 2014
Por Pedro Rojas el 15 de Febrero de 2015
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
esto lo coloque en mi head y me funciono de maravilla y el problema resuelto amigos..
espero les sirva tambien
Por cagon el 18 de Febrero de 2015
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